Southern Ocean Diet and Energetics Database
Information related to diet and energy flow is fundamental to a diverse range of Antarctic and Southern Ocean biological and ecosystem studies. The SCAR Expert Groups on Antarctic Biodiversity Informatics (EG-ABI) and Birds and Marine Mammals (EG-BAMM) are collating a centralised database of such information to assist the scientific community in this work. It includes data related to diet and energy flow from conventional (e.g. gut content) and modern (e.g. molecular) studies, stable isotopes, fatty acids, and energetic content. It is a product of the SCAR community and open for all to participate in and use.
Overview
| Data type | Number of records | Number of taxa | Number of studies | Last updated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary sample data (gut content, etc) | 41010 | 1348 | 361 | 2023-04-03 |
| DNA diet data | 233482 | 156 | 3 | 2021-06-09 |
| Stable isotopes | 32045 | 509 | 51 | 2023-04-03 |
| Lipids | 31934 | 16 | 5 | 2021-11-11 |
| Energetics | 3787 | 88 | 22 | 2023-04-03 |
| Allometric equations | 789 | 269 | 51 |
Data access
The data, along with detailed metdata, can be downloaded from Zenodo.
Access is also possible via the R packages sohungry (for data) and solong (for allometric equations).
Citing
The database is released under a CC-BY license: please cite these data
when using. If you have used data from a small number of individual
sources (check the source_id and
source_details values of the data you used), please cite
the original data sources and additionally acknowledge this database.
For example:
Smith J (2008) On the use of stable isotopes. Journal of Stable Isotope Stuff 123:100–110. Data obtained from the SCAR Southern Ocean Diet and Energetics Database, doi:10.5281/zenodo.7796465
If you have used data from many individual sources, the overall citation for this database is:
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (2023) Southern Ocean Diet and Energetics Database. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7796465
However, you are encouraged to cite all primary sources (possibly in supplementary material, if there are many).
Note: the database receives a new DOI each time it is updated, so
that a particular citation can be tied to an exact version of the
database. If you are using the sohungry R package, use the command
so_doi() to find the DOI of the data you are using.
Software tools
As well as providing data access, the R packages mentioned above also provide functionality for working with these data. See the package home pages for more information: sohungry (for data) and solong.
See also
The project update presented at the MEASO 2018 conference that was held in Hobart, April 2018.
People
Antarctic or Southern Ocean researchers holding relevant data, or interested in using such data in their work, are encouraged to make contact.
Core project working group
- Antonio Agüera (Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium)
- Claudia Andrade (Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes)
- Maëlle Connan (Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa)
- Hauke Flores (Alfred Wegener Institute, Germany)
- Yi-Ming Gan (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Belgium)
- Luis Hückstädt (University of California Santa Cruz, USA)
- Mary-Anne Lea (Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Australia)
- Julie McInnes (Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Australia)
- Ben Raymond (Australian Antarctic Division, Australia)
- Fokje Schaafsma (Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Netherlands)
- Gabriele Stowasser (British Antarctic Survey, United Kingdom)
- Rowan Trebilco (Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Australia)
- Anton van de Putte (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Belgium)
- Andrea Walters (Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Australia)
- José Xavier (University of Coimbra, Portugal, and British Antarctic Survey, United Kingdom)
Data contributors
- Claudia Andrade, Thomas Brey, and colleagues (subantarctic South American isotopes and diet, data entry)
- Australian Antarctic Data Centre (the Southern Ocean dietary database was used to seed this new, larger database effort)
- Laurence Clarke and colleagues (mesopelagic fish diet from gut DNA)
- Alison Cleary and colleagues (krill diet from gut DNA)
- Marie Clee (data entry)
- Sebastien Descamps and colleagues (Antarctic petrel diet and isotopes)
- Nicole Hellessey, Jessica Ericson (krill fatty acids and lipids)
- Chaolun Li and colleagues (zooplankton lipids and stable isotopes)
- Sílvia Lourenço, Ryan Saunders, and colleagues (Krefftichthys diet)
- Julie McInnes (albatross diet and stable isotopes)
- Loïc Michel, Gilles Lepoint, and colleagues (benthic stable isotopes)
- Baptiste Le Bourg, Camille Moreau, Gilles Lepoint, Loïc Michel (sea star isotopes and morphological measurements)
- Ryan Reisinger (Marion Island stable isotopes)
- Cristóbal Rivera (data entry)
- Fokje Schaafsma and colleagues (energetics)
- Taryn Sepúlveda (data entry)
- Arnaud Tarroux, Kit Kovacs, and colleagues (seal and penguin stable isotopes)
- Megan Tierney (Macquarie Island fish energetics)
- Anton van de Putte, Filip Volckaert (energetics)
- Christine Weldrick, Rowan Trebilco, Kerrie Swadling (pteropod stable isotopes)
- José Xavier (squid beak isotopes and albatross diet)
References
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| 25 | Nyssen F Brey T (2005) Trophic position of Antarctic amphipods — enhanced analysis by a 2-dimensional biomarker assay. Marine Ecology Progress Series 300:135–145 | 10.3354/meps300135 |
| 26 | Bocher P, Cherel Y, Hobson KA (2000) Complete trophic segregation between South Georgian and common diving petrels during breeding at Iles Kerguelen. Marine Ecology Progress Series 208: 249-264. | 10.3354/meps208249 |
| 27 | Cherel Y, Bocher P, Trouve C, Weimerskirch H (2002) Diet and feeding ecology of blue petrels Halobaena caerulea at Iles Kerguelen, Southern Indian Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 228: 283-299 | 10.3354/meps228283 |
| 28 | Corbisier TN, Petti MAV, Skowronski SP, Brito TAS (2004) Trophic relationships in the nearshore zone of Martel Inlet (King George Island, Antarctica): d13C stable-isotope analysis. Polar Biology 27:75-82 | 10.1007/s00300-003-0567-z |
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| 34 | Williams R (1999, updated 2007) Fish biological and stomach contents data - Casey 1988. Australian Antarctic Data Centre | 10.4225/15/581ab14668529 |
| 35 | Makhado, A.B., Bester, M.N., Kirkman, S.P., Pistorius, P.A., Ferguson, J.W.H., and Klages, N.T.W. (2008) Prey of the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella at Marion Island. Polar Biology 31:575-581 | 10.1007/s00300-007-0391-y |
| 36 | Lowry, L.F., Testa, J.W., and Calvert, W. (1988) Notes on the winter feeding of crabeater and leopard seals near the Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biology 8:475-478 | 10.1007/bf00264724 |
| 37 | Robertson, G., Williams, R., Green, K., and Robertson, L. (1994) Diet composition of emperor penguin chicks Aptenodytes forsteri at two Mawson Coast colonies, Antarctica. Ibis 136:19-31 | |
| 38 | Pakhomov, E.A., Perissinotto, R., and McQuaid, C.D. (1996) Prey composition and daily rations of myctophid fishes in the Southern Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 134:1-14 | 10.3354/meps134001 |
| 39 | Osman, L.P., Hucke-Gaete, R., Moreno, C.A., and Torres, D. (2004) Feeding ecology of Antarctic fur seals at Cape Shirreff, South Shetlands, Antarctica. Polar Biology 27:92-98 | 10.1007/s00300-003-0555-3 |
| 40 | Bushuev, S.G. (1986) Feeding of Minke whales, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, in the Antarctic. Report of the International Whaling Commission 36:241-245 | |
| 41 | Brothers, N.P. (1985) Breeding biology, diet and morphometrics of the King Shag, Phalacrocorax albiventer purpurascens, at Macquarie Island. Australian Wildlife Research 12:81-94 | 10.1071/wr9850081 |
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| 43 | Obst unpublished data (as cited in OBST, B.S. 1985. Densities of Antarctic seabirds at sea and the presence of the krill Euphausia superba. The Auk. 102:540-549) | |
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| 48 | Reid K, Trathan PN, Croxall JP, Hill HJ (1996) Krill caught by predators and nets: differences between species and techniques. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 140:13-20 | 10.3354/meps140013 |
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| 50 | RIDOUX, V. 1994. The diets and dietary segregation of seabirds at the subantarctic Crozet Islands. Mar. Orn. 22: 1-192 | |
| 51 | Roby, D. D. (1991). Diet and postnatal energetics in convergent taxa of plankton-feeding seabirds. Auk 108, 131-146 | |
| 52 | Rodhouse PG. Prince PA (1993) Cephalopod prey of the black-browed albatross Diomedea melanophrys at South Georgia. Polar Biol 13:373-376 | 10.1007/BF01681978 |
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| 63 | Kirkwood, R. and Robertson, G. (1997) Season change in the foraging ecology of emperor penguins on the Mawson Coast, Antarctica. Marine Ecology Progress Series 156:205-223 | 10.3354/meps156205 |
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| 71 | BIERMAN, W.H & VOOUS, K.H. 1950. Birds observed and collected during the whaling expeditions of the Willem Barendsz in the Antarctic, 1946-47 and 1947-48. Ardea 37, extra number: 1-132 (as cited in ARNOULD, J.P.Y. & WHITEHEAD, M.D. 1991. The diet of Antarctic Petrels, Cape Petrels and Southern Fulmars rearing chicks in Prydz Bay. Antarct. Sci. 3: 19-27) | |
| 72 | BIERMAN, W.H & VOOUS, K.H. 1950. Birds observed and collected during the whaling expeditions of the Willem Barendsz in the Antarctic, 1946-47 and 1947-48. Ardea 37, extra number: 1-132 (as cited in Imber MJ (1981) Diets of storm petrels Pelagodroma and Garrodia and of prions Pachyptila (Procellariiformes). In: Cooper J (ed) Proceedings of the symposium on birds of the sea and shore. African Seabird Group, Cape Town, p 63-88) | |
| 73 | BROOKE, M. de L. & KLAGES, N. 1986. Squid beaks regurgitated by Grey-headed and Yellow-nosed Albatrosses, Diomedea chrysostoma and D. chlororhynchos at the Prince Edward Islands. Ostrich 57: 203-206 | 10.1080/00306525.1986.9633655 |
| 74 | Clarke MR, Prince PA (1981) Cephalopod remains in the regurgitations of black-browed and grey-headed albatrosses at South Georgia. Br Antarct Surv Bull 54:1-7; Prince, P. A. and Morgan, R. A. (1987). Diet and feeding ecology of procellariiformes. In Seabirds: Feeding Ecology and Role in Marine Ecosystems (ed. J. P. Croxall), pp. 135-171. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Clarke MR (1986) A handbook for the identification of cephalopod beaks. Clarendon Press, Oxford | |
| 75 | CLARKE, M.R., CROXALL, J.P. & PRINCE, P.A. 1981. Cephalopod remains in regurgitations of the Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans L. at South Georgia. Br. Antarct. Surv. Bull. 54: 9-21 | |
| 76 | CROXALL J.P. and NORTH A.W. 1988. Fish prey of Wilson’s storm petrel Oceanites oceanicus at South Georgia (Antarctica). British Antarctic Survey Bulletin 78: 37-42 | |
| 77 | Croxall, J.P. and Prince, P.A. 1981. A preliminary assessment of the impact of seabirdso n marine resources at South Georgia. Colloq. Ecosystemes Subantarctiques 51: 501-509; BECK, J. R. 1969. Food, moult and age of first breeding in the Cape Pigeon, Daption capensis Linnaeus. Br. Ant. Surv. Bull. 21:33-44 (as cited in OBST, B.S. 1985. Densities of Antarctic seabirds at sea and the presence of the krill Euphausia superba. The Auk. 102:540-549) | |
| 78 | Croxall & Prince (unpublished) As cited in Croxall JP, Prince PA (1987) Seabirds as predators on marine resources, especially Krill, at South Georgia. In: Croxall JP (ed) Seabirds: feeding ecology and role in marine ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, London, p 347-368 | |
| 79 | CROXALL, J.P., STEELE, W.K, MC INNES, S.J. & PRINCE, P.A. 1995. Breeding distribution of the Snow Petrel Pagodroma nivea. Marine Ornithology 23: 69-99 | |
| 80 | FALLA, R. A. 1937. Birds. B. A. N. Z. Antarct. Res. Exped., 1929-31, Rep., ser. B, no. 2. (as cited in ARNOULD, J.P.Y. & WHITEHEAD, M.D. 1991. The diet of Antarctic Petrels, Cape Petrels and Southern Fulmars rearing chicks in Prydz Bay. Antarct. Sci. 3: 19-27) | |
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